基于逆向软件的涡轮叶片数字化建模
Digital Modeling of Turbine Blades Based on Reverse Engineering Software
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摘要: 涡轮叶片是航空发动机的核心零件，其质量好坏直接影响着发动机的整体性能和服役寿命。由于涡轮叶片经常在高速、高温、高压环境下工作，承受热、气动和机械负荷，极易出现变形、磨损、龟裂和烧蚀等缺陷而影响发动机的正常运行。新制涡轮叶片周期长、成本高，难以满足工程需求，因此涡轮叶片快速修复工作至关重要。在无原始数据的情况下，获取涡轮叶片 3D 数模是修复工作的初始，为了给已损伤涡轮叶片提供精准的 3D 数模，以提高修复效率，基于以 Geomagic Wrap、Geomagic Design X、Geomagic Control 为主体的逆向建模软件，探索了一套数字化建模流程及方案。根据 3D 建模需求，对所采集的涡轮叶片点云数据进行交互处理、模型曲面重构、截面二维误差分析和整体三维误差分析。分析结果表明，该数字化建模方法可行，实现了对涡轮叶片的数字化快速建模，为涡轮叶片快速修复提供了有效的技术手段，具有良好的应用价值和推广意义。Abstract: Turbine blades are core components of aero-engines，and their quality directly impacts the overall performance and service life of the engine. Due to their operation in high-speed，high-temperature，and high-pressure environments，turbine blades endure thermal，aerodynamic，and mechanical loads，which often lead to defects such as deformation，wear，cracking，and ablation，thereby affecting engine reliability. The lengthy production cycle and high cost of manufacturing new turbine blades make it challenging to meet engineering demands，highlighting the critical importance of rapid blade repair. In the absence of original design data，obtaining a 3D digital model is the first step in the repair process. To provide an accurate 3D model for damaged turbine blades and improve repair efficiency，this study proposes a digital modeling workflow and methodology based on reverse engineering software，including Geomagic Wrap，Geomagic Design X，and Geomagic Control. According to 3D modeling requirements，the collected point cloud data of turbine blades undergoes interactive processing，surface reconstruction，2D cross-sectional error analysis，and 3D global error analysis. The results demonstrate the feasibility of this digital modeling approach，enabling rapid digitization of turbine blades. This method offers an effective technical solution for fast blade repair，with significant application value and potential for broader adoption.
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